Food Lesson for an ESL Learner

Food Lesson for an ESL Learner Finding out about food is a significant piece of any ESL or EFL class. This food exercise gives some new ways to deal with assistance understudies work on talking, composing and managing everything identified with food. Prior to utilizing this exercise, it is a smart thought to have understudies get familiar with some essential food jargon including jargon identified with various names of food, estimations, and holders, requesting food in cafés, and planning food. When understudies are alright with this jargon, you can proceed onward to some progressively creative exercises, for example, composing plans in English and having understudies portray their preferred suppers to one another in class. Utilize this exercise as an approach to audit and grow all the different jargon and articulations identified with food that youve investigated with understudies in your group. The reason of this exercise is that understudies distinguish another kind of dish theyd like to get ready, explore and compose a formula and make a rundown of fixings. At last, understudies make an outing to the general store - for all intents and purposes or in reality - to value things. Youll need access to PCs to finish this exercise, or you can do as our forefathers would have done it by really heading off to the store with understudies. It makes a fun, if marginally turbulent, class journey. Point Exploring a formula from start to finish Action Working in groups to recognize, research, plan and shop for a colorful supper Level Apprentice to middle of the road English students Framework As a class, start the conversation by portraying a scrumptious dinner you have had. Really expound as youd like, understudies will appreciate this except if its supper time!Have understudies get two by two or little gatherings of three or four. Each gathering should impart their own encounters to extraordinary meals.Once understudies have shared their encounters, solicit them to choose one from the dinners that have been discussed.Each gathering should then utilize a PC to discover a picture that fits at least one of the dishes in the picked supper. Propose understudies google the dish and snap on pictures to discover the picture. Each gathering should print out their picked image.Tape the picture of each gathering to the wall.Ask understudies to take a bit of paper and flow around the space to pick a dish that looks delicious. Once theyve picked the dish, understudies ought to record the fixings they feel are important to cause the dish.When understudies to have settled on their dec ision and recorded the vital fixings, bunch understudies by who has picked which picture. Understudies should then share any useful info on the fundamental fixings. Note that understudies ought to be bringing down the elements for another dish dependent on a picture that spoke to them from another gathering. Next, have understudies discover a formula for their picked dish by utilizing a cookbook (old school), or by picking a formula online.Ask understudies to contrast their rundown of fixings with the formula and roll out any improvements or increases necessary.Once understudies have made their rundown, its chance to go out on the town to shop. As a class, you can visit an online food merchant, for example, Safeway, or you can take the class on a field excursion to a nearby supermarket.Students then go out on the town to shop. They observe the items they need, the cost, and so on. I like to demand that understudies incorporate the name of the holder to help practice this kind of vocabulary.As a class, have each gathering report back on what number of compartments, boxes, leaders of a specific produce thing, and so on were purchased and the amount they paid including the total.Optional: For genuinely gutsy classes - Ask understudies to really go out on the town to shop and buy, cook, and present the dish they have picked. This would make an extraordinary pot-karma exercise for all to appreciate which would be integrated with a particular learning objective.

How Effective is the Internet for Meeting People?

How Effective is the Internet for Meeting People? How successful is the web as a methods for meeting new individuals? Analyze the victories and disappointments of web dating. Foundation History: as of late ‘internet dating’ has gotten famous for various reasons, basically because of its straightforwardness and comfort. In reality as we know it where single individuals frequently have brief period to mingle and think that its difficult to meet similarly invested individuals the web has given a connect to the universe of dating and sentiment. The extent of individuals it offers to is broad with people everything being equal, foundations and ethnicities intrigued. The quantity of web dating destinations is persistently developing and has become an exceptionally fruitful and successful business. It is assessed that around 6 million individuals in Britain have a place with a web dating webpage. Absolutely the shame which was connected to web dating a couple of years back appears to have passed. (College of Bath Study, 2005) Measurements show that web dating is huge business with driving destinations, for example, Yahoo Personals and Match.com attracting 4.9 million guests and 4.2 million guests separately in January 2004 alone. (Blazier, 2004) Research: So exactly how fruitful is web dating as a methods for meeting new people?â Leading web dating organization match.com was propelled in 1995 and gauges that through their website countless connections have been shaped. In addition, match.com gauges that more than 200,000 individuals found the individual they were looking for through the site. (match.com, 2005) In 2004 a study was set up by the Weddingchannel.com with results again showing high achievement rates for web dating. The investigation found that 12% of the 4743 couples enlisted had met on dating sites. The investigation additionally found than over 70% of the individuals who had met their accomplices through web dating destinations were glad to straightforwardly concede this to companions and would prescribe web dating to the individuals around them. (match.com, 2005) Furthermore, an ongoing and urgently, a free research study has additionally presumed that web dating is formally an effective method of meeting new individuals and shaping kinships or sentiment connections and sums up that internet dating can for sure be a triumph for some individuals. The University of Bath related to Dr Gavin, Dr Scott and Dr Duffield, did an online review of 229 individuals matured between 18-65 who had recently utilized web dating destinations.  The study  (2005)â found that when couples who had invested energy framing fellowships through messaging or visiting on the web met just because, 94% of them proceeded to see each other once more. Of these connections shaped, on normal they went on for approx 7 months, with 18% of them going on for longer than a year. Such figures are in accordance with connections framed in progressively conventional manners. (College of Bath Study, 2005) The examination additionally raised various other fascinating realities; how much the couples collaborated before meeting up appeared to assume a fundamental job in the accomplishment of the relationship. For instance, the individuals who chatted on the phone before meeting up and the individuals who visited at the same time on the web (instead of just messaging) were found to have shaped ‘deeper’ and progressively passionate connections. So also, those couples who traded endowments before meeting up appeared to frame further and progressively serious relationships. The examination reasoned that synchronous correspondence frames a greater amount of a closeness. Strikingly, the exploration demonstrated that men were commonly bound to be focused on the relationship than the ladies, and would in general be increasingly reliant upon the ladies. One clarification for this was the way that maybe men felt increasingly alright with the obscurity which composing brings as it allowed them to communicate their feelings more effectively than they would have had the option to vis-à-vis. It appears that in like manner webcams were not seen as attractive or fruitful with anonynimity being liked. Dr Gavin (Author of Research Study) expressed that; â€Å"We likewise discovered individuals are avoiding utilizing webcams since they feel its significant not to see their accomplices for quite a while †there is something unique about content bases relationships.† (University of Bath Study, 2005) Of the considerable number of connections examined, 39% of the couples were still attached at the hour of the study, and of these 24% of the couples had been together for at any rate a year, and 8% for in any event 2 years. Of the connections which had finished, 14% had gone on for longer than a year, and 4% had kept going more than 2 years. (College of Bath Study, 2005) Triumphs: Invariably there are continually going to be individuals who are more effective at meeting others than a few. Many recommend there is a great deal you can do to augment the achievement of your web dating experience. For instance, the principal thing you have to do is produce an incredible profile to post on the web. Dating sites, for example, the Singlescafe.net express the significance of posting a photograph close by your profile, best an upbeat one! This guarantees individuals go out of the way to really peruse your profile on the off chance that they like the appearance of you. The data in your profile ought to be kept straightforward and genuine. Great language and spelling is additionally an absolute necessity. (Dr Black, 2003) DatingDirect.com like a considerable lot of its adversaries offers counsel on dating tips and how to locate a fruitful relationship. They propose that you become a ‘go-getter’ and don’t simply trust that others will react to your profile however effectively search out profiles of similarly invested individuals and starting posting right away. The hypothesis clearly being that the more individuals you react to, the bound to are you discover somebody appropriate. Clearly for the most noteworthy odds of accomplishment you ought to contact individuals who claim to you, especially as far as their side interests and interests just as their area. Thus, they exhort that you ought to react rapidly to individuals who have reached you. You ought not stress over appearing to excited, great habits win around here. These tips they contend augment your capability of effectively meeting individuals and framing a relationship through web dating. There are clearly numerous glad accounts of the two connections and companionships framed through web dating. It gives individuals an open door they might not have had in any case for some reasons. For instance some close to home examples of overcoming adversity follow: â€Å".I was incredulous from the outset, not so much reasoning it would work. In any case I chose ‘nothing wandered nothing gained’ and sent 6 messages, I got 4 answers, Becky was one of themsince I last reached you Becky and I have connected with, we are so happy†¦. meeting Becky has made my life complete.† Graham (http://app6.datingdirect.com/open/achievement/feedback.asp) â€Å"What a splendid assistance, I have discovered the young lady I had always wanted and we are currently going solid. Keep up the great work!†Ã¢ â â â â â Patrickâ (http://app6.datingdirect.com/open/achievement/feedback.asp) â€Å"I met my significant other on a dating site. We wedded last April and are anticipating our first infant this April. We couldnt be more joyful. Ive met the affection for my life. My perfect partner. I would prescribe dating sites to anybody. They do work.† Adam Stevenson, Plaistow, West Sussex, England(BBC News Page, 2005) Surely for modest individuals or the individuals who dread dismissal the web has opened up another world. They can contact individuals who are in a similar situation as them unafraid.  Failures: Aswell as the examples of overcoming adversity there likewise appear to be a few disappointments. In any event there are various regular traps to web dating. While most supporters will want countless reactions to their profile, this can really reverse discharge on you on the off chance that you wind up accepting far to numerous to adapt to. Conway (from Askmen.com) talks about how he once got 56 reactions to his profile and discovered this somewhat overpowering, which means he needed to invest a gigantic measure of energy answering to all the ladies and fundamentally frequently rehashing what he had said and posing similar inquiries over again as he couldn’t keep on the correspondence; â€Å"I cannot disclose to you how often Ive been humiliated in light of the fact that I asked a lady a similar inquiry four or five times.†  â â â â â http://www.askmen.com/dating/dating_advice_100/102c_dating_tips.html) In like manner, it tends to be a mistake to some who don't get the same number of reactions to their profiles true to form. On a progressively genuine note its critical to know about the risks of web dating as a methods for meeting individuals. The fundamental worry for the client is that the individual they are reaching isn't who he/she says they are and what they are letting you know isn't correct. It is highly unlikely to screen this and it is absolutely down to human judgment and experience. An awful encounter may put you off web dating for good. Dating locales ask a solid requirement for alert. Perhaps the greatest trap of web dating is by all accounts the issue of whether the entirety of the clients are infact single. It is normal that numerous individuals will profess to be separated or single when infact they are most certainly not. The web is a simple method to cheat for these individuals with little of the dangers included were they to meet somebody in an increasingly customary sense. Jennifer portrays her own despondent experience of web dating: â€Å"I attempted it quite a while back, however the men I met were all, no matter what. control-monstrosities, psychos or potentially chauvinists, and typically wedded. From an individual perspective, I’d state keep away from it at all costs, however in the event that it is all you have, be extremely, cautious. It is unreasonably basic an event that ladies get trapped in risky circumstances utilizing the overall web.† Jennifer, UK (BBC News Page, 2005) In understanding that web dating is certifiably not a practical choice to framing new connections Sarah state; â€Å"Internet dating never works. You can be certain

How to Plan and Execute a Press Conference

How to Plan and Execute a Press Conference Turn on the television and tune in on the news, where you will see a prominent person standing before a group of journalists or reporters who are asking questions. Open the news dailies and you will read news articles where this or that personality made announcements during a specific time and date that he or she met with members of the press.In these instances, what took place was a press conference. © Shutterstock | stockphoto maniaThis guide explains 1) what is a press conference, 2) the pros and cons of a press conference, 3) how businesses utilize press conferences, and 4) how to plan and execute a press conference like a pro.WHAT IS A PRESS CONFERENCE?The simple definition of a press conference is an interview that is given by a prominent individual or personality to journalists in order to make an announcement, provide information, or answer inquiries. It is an organized event, meaning it has structure and order. Granted, you may have heard of press conferences being conducted on the fly but, more often than not, these are “ambush interviews”, due to their abrupt nature.Why are press conferences important? Press conferences are very useful and actually play a very important role in society as a whole. Political and business announcements are made efficient by these press conferences. Celebrated personalities, and other public figures also benefit from press conferences . Here are some of the benefits of a press conference.It helps in information dissemination. Do you have important and relevant information that you want the public to know? Do you have something newsworthy to share? Then consider holding a press conference. Of course, you may opt to conduct one-on-one interviews with journalists, but a press conference will allow you to interact with more than one or two journalists at one time, thus saving you a lot of time, money and resources in its planning and execution.It is a helpful response tool. Are you currently facing issues against your person or that of your business, and you want to clear up matters in one fell swoop? A good way to do that is through a press conference. It is an excellent avenue to address issues that may plague you or your business.It is a very good public relations tool. Whether you are an individual, group or a business seeking to attract media attention, conducting press conferences will come in handy. Gaining me dia exposure is not limited to the traditional methods of advertising, since a press conference can also do the trick.It is a good advertising alternative. We mentioned media exposure earlier, and we all know that it could lead to greater brand recognition hence it is also another affordable way for the brand to gain an authoritative position in the market. The advantage of a press conference is how it actually costs less than your conventional advertising or promotional campaign. However, you need to already have a name for yourself before you can use it effectively.PROS AND CONS OF A PRESS CONFERENCEHere are several of the most common advantages and disadvantages of conducting press conferences. Go over them and decide whether holding a press conference is a good step for you to take.AdvantagesIt is convenient and time-saving. As we said earlier, it accomplished the objective in one fell swoop. All the reporters or journalists are gathered in one place or one room at a single time , and the announcement will be made only once, as opposed to meeting several journalists in turn and making the same announcement or answering the same questions over and over.It ensures maximum impact for the information or announcement made. To the general public, the mere fact that a number of reporters or journalists paid attention enough to attend the press conference means that the announcement is, at the very least, newsworthy.It lets you reach a larger audience. There may only be a dozen reporters in the room when you hold the press conference. However, once these reporters disseminate the news you provided in their respective channels, you can be assured that your news will reach lots of people.It helps you build a relationship with members of the press or media. Having friends in the media is seen to be a good thing, and involving them in your press conferences is a good way to start.It lets you control the flow of information. You only tell the press what you want them to know. It is entirely within your control what information to share and what to withhold.DisadvantagesIt requires planning. A press conference has to be planned in order for it to be successful, and this means taking into consideration logistics, correspondence between the parties involved and several other factors.It is less targeted. More often than not, the audience will be the general public.This means that even those who are not part of your target audience will be exposed to the information or announcement you shared once the journalists release them.PRESS CONFERENCES IN BUSINESSFrom the above discussions, you may already have an idea how press conferences could be beneficial to businesses. We can actually sum it up in two words: public relations, and this could encompass aspects such as advertising, marketing and press relations.Businesses often hold press conferences in the following instances:To announce changes in organizational structure, such as changes or transitions in management and leadership. If a new CEO is appointed, it is a good platform to introduce him or her. You may have heard about previously privately-held and owned companies going public. One of the steps they take is to hold a press conference to announce their upcoming IPO.To announce the launch of new products and services, or product lines and services.To announce important collaborations or partnerships with other businesses or institutions.To address issues or complaints from customers or the general public, regarding the products and services offered by the company.To publicize an upcoming activity or significant event by your company that you want members of the general public or of your target market to participate in.Before going on full “let’s conduct a press conference” mode, you first have to ascertain whether you really need to conduct one or not. Maybe there are other, more suitable, ways for you to get your message across, without having to organize a press or n ews conference.If your evaluation shows that a press conference is the best method, then you can get started on planning and executing one.PLANNING A PRESS CONFERENCEOrganizing a press conference starts from the planning stage. This is where you start from scratch, and work your way to the point where you are able to execute the press conference smoothly. The success of a press conference relies largely on the planning. If it was done poorly, then it is almost a given that the resulting press conference will not be as successful as expected or hoped for.Give yourself ample time to plan the press conference. You do not want to be rushing in the 11th hour. It would be a good idea to start planning several weeks ahead of the target date of the press conference. Not only will this ensure that you will have more than enough time to get everything together, it will also give you more room to make adjustments if and when necessary.When planning a press conference, here are the items that y ou should focus on.The topicWhat message do you want to convey during the press conference? What is the announcement that you want to make? What are the issues that your company wants to address?You have to be clear on the message or the topic, so you won’t be diverted during the press conference. The topic will also be prominently displayed in the press kit that you will be distributing to the press, so you have to make sure you have all the correct details.[slideshare id=63062031doc=howtoorganizeasuccessfulpressconference-160614174436w=640h=330]The date and time of the press conferenceYou cannot pick just any random date and time to have the press conference, or base it solely on which day on the calendar is blank, or when the senior management members who will be speaking in the press conference are free. Timing is also very crucial when scheduling a press conference.Remember that you will be inviting journalists and reporters to your news conference, and they are ingrained to go where the newsworthy events are. If the news or information that you will share during the press conference is not relevant or newsworthy for them at that particular time, they are more likely to ignore you and look for other, more relevant and newsworthy events instead.Pick a date when the interest of the journalists for your announcement will still be high. Do not put it off for too long, to the extent that your announcement will no longer be of any interest to them.The time of the day when the press conference will be conducted is also important. Journalists are very busy people. If you hold it too late in the day, they may not come because they will be too busy working on their news articles for the next day. Choose a time where you can get the highest attendance by the media, ensuring maximum press coverage.Ensure that there won’t be a conflict in the schedule. Will there be other events that coincide with your press conference, with the potential of drawing the attention and interest of journalists from you? You should also consider the schedule of the media people that you will be inviting, especially if they have deadlines or equally important events to handle.Select the location of the press conferenceLocation, or the venue of the press conference, is just as important as the date and time.The location must be accessible. It must be easy to reach by the journalists. Having a long travel time to get to the location is one way to discourage reporters from attending a press conference, and you do not want that to happen.The location must be relevant to the event. There must be some relation to, say, the announcement that you are making, or to the company itself. Some businesses conduct press conferences in their own places of business or headquarters, especially if they have rooms or spaces that are large enough to accommodate big crowds.The location must be well-equipped with the facilities and equipment that you will need in the conduct of the pre ss conference. Consider the availability of network connections, parking spaces for the reporters, and other communication tools and utilities.The location should be visually appealing. It must be clean and even attractive. Imagine having to hold a press conference in a cramped space, with poor lighting and ventilation. If you are a business hoping to make a good impression, then this is not a good way to go about it. For sure, the reporters may no longer want to attend any of your succeeding press conferences. It can even affect their impression of your company.The location must be conducive to interaction and communication. This means that it should not be in the middle of a noisy street or thoroughfare, where your audience will have a hard time hearing you, or where the managers or spokespersons of the company will have a difficult time concentrating because of too much noise and distraction. Select the main players and train themThere are two main players in a press conference: the speakers and the moderator.During the press conference, the speaker or speakers will be the face of the business or the company. They are the ones to deliver the message, make the announcement, or answer the questions from the journalists. Therefore, you should not assign just any random person.Even if the speaker is a member of the senior management, or one who is fully knowledgeable about the company, he is still not exempt from studying and training for the event.The speaker or main participants:Must be knowledgeable, not only about the topic, but other related topics. They may start out by reading a written statement, but when they are going to be asked questions later on, they should be able to readily answer them with confidence, without having to resort to looking over notes the whole time. The speaker should make the effort to study the areas where he may lack knowledge of, in time for the press conference.Must be articulate, and can speak with command and clarity. They should be able to speak confidently, with the ability to command the attention of the audience and engage them in discussion.The moderator acts as the master of ceremonies, so to speak, facilitating the whole exchange between the speakers and the audience. This person will basically control and regulate the flow of the discussion, so that the participants stick to the topic.The moderator must:Be experienced with dealing with the press. Normally, businesses pick a moderator that has prior experience in moderating press conferences.Have more than basic knowledge about the topic or the issue.Have a commanding presence, since this is the person that has to be the one on the driver’s seat, in control of the press conference.Train them by providing the necessary materials for the press conference, such as reading materials on the topic or issue and other related literature. Conducting a dress rehearsal is also encouraged, as it will put the moderator and speakers in a simulated conduct of the press conference.Identify the media representatives to be invitedFirst, you have to come up with a list of journalists, reporters and media personalities that you want to invite to the press conference. Pick the journalists that work on beats related to your business, or have an interest in the announcement or issues that you will make or address.Write and distribute the press releaseConsider the press release as your invitation to the media for your event, which is the press conference. In your press release, indicate the following:The date, time and location of the press conferenceThe reason why you are holding a press conferenceWhy they should attend the press conferenceAt least a week before the slated date of the press conference, send the press release to the media people you want to attend the event. Contact the media people on your list via e-mail or direct phone calls, if only to call their attention to the press release you distributed.On the day before the press co nference, contact them again for final confirmation (and as a final reminder) of the press conference the next day.Develop a press kitTo further aid the reporters and journalists during the press conference, you have to distribute press kits, which are basically folders containing the information about the topic, message or issue that will be tackled during the press conference. The usual contents are:Information on the speakers or other participants of the press conference;Information on the topic, including supporting documents such as photographs, case studies, and even related news stories, articles or other published materials.A copy of the final press releaseWhen developing a press kit, it is better to have extra copies, rather than preparing the exact number and running out of copies in the event that more press people attend the conference.Make sure all the necessary arrangements are in placeNaturally, you are expected to oversee the finer details, such as the reservations o f the venue, if the press conference is to be conducted outside of your place of business. If you will require the assistance of external parties for the lighting, catering, sound system and the like, you also have to make sure the arrangements are all made and ironed out.EXECUTION OF A PRESS CONFERENCEOn the day of the press conference, you have to be on your toes, since this is the culmination of what you have worked on planning for the past several weeks.Before the Press ConferenceCheck that the venue is prepared, along with the visuals, the seats, the equipment, the refreshments, and all others. Take note of the seating arrangement, as well as the tables and chairs prepared for the speakers and the moderator.Provide a means for the participants to log in their attendance. This is for keeping a record of attendees for future reference. You can also use it as a means of collecting information like phone numbers from journalists. Such information can come in handy in future.Make su re the participants (the speakers and moderator) are prepared for the press conference.Have someone welcome the participants as they arrive, handing their press kits to them.Start the press conference on time.During the Press ConferenceDocument the press conference by recording it on video. It is possible that the media may request for any footage you may take of the event for future reference.Try as much as possible to stick to the schedule, such as the amount of time allotted for each speaker.Allow the moderator to lead the flow of the question-and-answer portion with the press people.End the press conference by thanking everyone who attended.After the Press ConferenceReview the documentation or recording of the press conference. This is so that you can see where you fell short in the conduct of the press conference. It is also one way to ascertain whether the message was delivered as planned.Contact the media people and outlets represented, in case they may need something else fr om you, such as additional press kits or documentation. You’d definitely want to establish a good relationship with the press, and keeping in touch with them. You can start by thanking them for their attendance.

Historical Evolution And The Socio -economic Perspectives...

Intro The aim of this report is to explore the historical evolution and the socio -economic perspectives of National Health Service (NHS) and Mental Health individuals. The report will explore the history as far as early Nineteenth Century to the present-day. The main focus will be on policies and legislation influenced the foundation of NHS and how it has progressed to meet mental health individual’s needs. The report will also address the needs of individuals, resourced, stigma and discrimination for the mental health individuals. Blakemore (2003) Blakemore further questioned social policies intention to improve human welfare and to meet individual’s biopsychosocial needs. Changes were not just influenced by policies and legislation, they were also influenced by funding, organisation of the service delivery and influential people who felt the need for change. During the 19th and beginning of 20th centuries, there was an extension of amendments to the Poor Law. The health service in the United Kingdom was provided by private care and charities. The 1834 Reform Act Law that focused on developing public health, local government, education and the health services. In 1842 Edward Chadwick, from Poor Law Commission enquiry, recognised disease as a key source to pauperism. In 1842, his Report identified sanitation as a primary key to illness and the Public Health Act was established in 1848. The improvements of the conditions lead to the population living longer. Nevertheless,Show MoreRelatedSsci 316 Study Guide Answers Essay978 Words   |  4 Pageshierarchy, the issues of inequality would not be as important as they are today 2. Are race and ethnicity the only types of inequality in the US today? diversity in US today is not limited to ethnicity, race – other factors: social class (SES or socio-economic status), education, size of group, religion, language As defined in this class what do the terms ‘majority’ and ‘minority’ refer to? 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Rhetorical Analysis Of The Day Of Reckoning

Apocalyptic Suras The yawm ad-din â€Å"Day of Reckoning† Apocalyptic Suras seemed to be the most interesting and intense word painting Suras of devastation, trials, reckoning, and light we have read thus far. Sura 81 â€Å"The Overturning†, Sura 82 â€Å"The Tearing†, Sura 84 â€Å"The Splitting†, and Sura 101 â€Å"The Quaking†, all seem to have a common theme from our physical world and reality being overturned, and the heavens splitting open, land filled with chaos, all sin and worthy endeavors is revealed, being judged by only God himself. These beginning Suras all embody the righteous path for which one is taught to seek by the Islamic Religion, but with the apocalyptic themed Suras, they illuminate sin by illustrating the importance of the will of God, by emphasizing what is occurring and what events will ensue on â€Å"The Day of Reckoning.† Throughout the conclusion of these Suras, when all is lost, there is a glimpse of solitude through God and only his will, with those who have faith will be in bliss. Contained within these Suras are explicit vocabulary descriptions on how â€Å"The Day of Reckoning† will be understood by all, the sun will overturn, the stars are scattered and will fall away, reality as we know it, will cease to exist as this is the Last Day. The Earth will convert to nothing more than a hectic land, engulfed in human sin, revealing itself to only the soul that carries this evil â€Å"Jahim† and God. â€Å"When the heaven splits attentive to the lord and made true, When the Earth isShow MoreRelatedCrime Scene Investigator Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagesand alternative following information. exploitation scientific instrumentality to gather and analyze proof. Maintaining and repairing scientific instrumentality. Testifying in court concerning collected proof. Transporting physical proof to the rhetorical laboratory. against the law scene investigator is termed upon to utilize scientific information and technical experience to judge the crime scene while not destroying proof. Develop a concept for aggregation physical proof. guarantee proof is correctlyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Dead Reckoning872 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Dead Reckoning Dead Reckoning is an editorial from the National Review, 01/26/98, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p11, 3p. It was written to condemn the standings of the US Supreme Court on their proceedings with protecting Abortion. The author really slams the Supreme Court here for dragging its feet on this issue and uses Substantiation and policy here to persuade the reader to follow. In addition talks about the slow progress of the Court to move through the findings of severalRead MoreEssay about The Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin4044 Words   |  17 Pagescritical reaction, and the public reaction, including both public opinion of the book and the various derivative works that were created for public consumption. I have researched both portions of this topic through the more modern works of historical analysis, and by examining primary sources reproduced in online collections (with especially heavy use of Railton’s extremely resourceful website, for which I would like to acknowledge my gra titude). Outside of the Southern region that Uncle Tom’s CabinRead MoreUrbana at Feliza10754 Words   |  44 Pagesthat everyone-young and old, women and men-should observe in dealing with other people well. It is thought by many that the ideal conduct described in this book should be emulated by Filipinos and should not be cause for embarrasment even in these days. Filipinos do not need an Emily Post to teach them good manners because we already have Father de Castro who left behind golden rules which Filipinos ought to follow not only then but even now and in the time to come.) For Alzona, de Castros discourse

Agriculture Sector Free Essays

string(72) " cost of digging canals, other expenditure like diesel and maintenance\." North Cachar Hills Agriculture allied activities Agriculture, Horticulture Marketing All the tribes living in this hill district are mainly depending on agriculture. The primitive system of Jhuming cultivation are common among all the tribes. The practice of Jhuming not only destroy the micro flora and fauna but also affect ecological balance by destroying forest. We will write a custom essay sample on Agriculture Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, an attempt has been made through this scheme to replace Jhum by permanent cultivation, terrace cultivation. Moreover the Soil of this hilly region is very suitable summer as well as winter paddy. Horticulture is the main occupation in the district of N. C. Hills farmers. The altitude varies from 800meters to 1200 meters and average rainfall around 2300 mm and temperatures varies from 6 to 12 degree C in winter and 17 -33 degree C in summer. Out of total geographical area of 4888 sq. km. around 1. 88 lakh hectares is suitable for cultivation and 80% of the cultivable land is suitable for horticultural crops. Potential for horticultural development is very bright along with canning and processing industry as this district produces huge quantity of quality pineapple, oranges and ginger through purely organic method as use of agrochemicals is virtually non-existent. However, all the tribes of this hilly district are mainly dependant on destructive slash and burn method of cultivation or Jhuming and in the process forest cover has been largely denuded and ecosystem has been damaged. According to topography, rainfall and other geographical factors the district has been divided into three parts, consisting of the development blocks, 1st Part— Diyungbra ITDP and Diyung valley Block. – This particular area comprises mainly of foothill and plains is suitable for field crops such as Sugarcane, Maize, Oil seeds, paddy, pulses and tropical horticultural crops like coconut, areca nut, cashew nut, mango, mousambi, litchi etc. 2nd Part—Sangbar development block has both low altitude and high altitude areas and crops suitable are both tropical and sub tropical crops. Main cultivated crops are sugarcane, Ginger, Turmeric, Pineapple and oranges. 3rd Part —comprises mainly of Jatinga valley block and Harangajao ITDP. Major crops grown are Paddy, Oranges, Ginger, Turmeric, Girenium etc. EXISTING SCHEMES BEING PRESENTLY IMPLEMENTED Major state sector schemes that under implementation are as follows . Saturation of HYV. . Dev. of Sugarcane. . . Dev. of pulses. . Dev. of oilseed. . Farmers’ Institute. . Incentive to Farmers. . Plant Protection campaign. . Bio- Fertilizer and Manures. IMPACT OF EXISTING SCHEMES. After five long decades of development efforts total area under settled cultivation has risen to around 33 thousand hectare and there has been increase in the production of food grains like paddy, oilseeds and noticeable among them are paddy, sugarcane pineapple and oranges. Vegetable cultivation has been nonexistent among tribal farmers even a few decades back but now it’s getting popular. Though, area under Jhuming has not decreased, dependence on Jhuming has diminished significantly mainly due to increase in area under settled cultivation and introduction of HYV and improved and scientific farming practices. Area under horticulture and paddy has significantly and average production of paddy in the district is higher than the state average. CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS * Roads and communication is the primary hurdle in the way of agril development hampering both developmental activities in the interior villages. Adoption and use of modern farming knowledge and technology leaves much to be desired mainly due to remoteness of villages, lack of all weather roads, insurgency and the relatively backward tribal populace. *In case of field crops more than 95% area is under single cropping system due to low status of Farm mechanization, and weak agril extension system owing to communication and insurgency problems. PROPOSED INTERVENTION UNDER RSVY . Area expansion drive under Oil seeds, Pulses, Tuber crops in part -A areas is being proposed to cover an area of 1108 hectares with financial outlay of Rs. 4, 42,00,580. 00 @ Rs. 37, 843. 0 per hectare, over a period of three years. . Farmers’ field level training demonstration on appropriate technology to inculcate the theories and principles of sustainable and eco-friendly methods of permanent cultivation against the prevalent destructive jhuming practices. It is proposed to take up 75 numbers of such training and demonstration on Integrated pest management (IPM) and Integrated Nutrient Management(INM) in five Development Block areas over a period of three years with proposed allocation of Rs. 11. 2 Lakhs. @ 15,000. 00 per Trng. Demonstration covering 40 nos. of trainee/training total beneficiary 75X40 = 3000 nos. Establishment of 60 nos. of mechanized ‘gur’ making unit s to be managed by 60 nos. of SHG already engaged in sugarcane cultivation in sugarcane belt with a financial outlay of Rs. 60 Lakhs. . Organised irrigation under govt. sector being utterly inadequate there is felt need among tribal farmers for water pumps mainly for paddy cultivation, which is the staple food of the tribes. Hence, for lift irrigation purpose it is proposed to provide 200 nos. of 5 HP diesel Pump with a financial outlay of Rs. 44. 00 lakh @ Rs. 22,000. 00 per pump and planting materials like litchi, cashew nut, banana, assam lemon, moushambi, guava and vanilla etc. ill be provided to all the farmers with an allocation of Rupees 30 lakhs for three years @ Rs. 10. 00 lakhs per year. The total subsidy up to 70% would be provided and 30% contribution would be borne by the beneficiaries. The modern technology as well as know how of cultivation and demerits of jhuming cultivation would be published in pamphlets and displayed in sign board in local languages so that all th e cultivators can understand. To increase the cropping intensity of N. C. Hills district from 107% at present to 120% over the span of next three years. Apart from traditional winter paddy and jhum paddy, spring paddy and summer paddy are proposed to be grown with the help of field irrigation with diesel pump. The diesel pump with accessories will be supplied to the beneficiaries where water source is available with 70% subsidy and the beneficiaries shall bear the cost of digging canals, other expenditure like diesel and maintenance. You read "Agriculture Sector" in category "Papers" The diesel pump sets are proposed to be provided in the plain areas like Diyungmukh, maibang, Harangajao and Langting area. . Purchase of 200 numbers of metal food grain storage Bins with an estimated outlay of Rs. 9. 6 lakhs. IMPACT OF INTERVENTION . Increase in area and production of field crops. . Decreased dependence on destructive jhuming practices. . Improved level of Self-sufficiency in cereals, oil seeds, pulses. . Improvement of farming knowledge and farming skill of the tribal farmers. . Increase in irrigation potential and food production thro ugh power pump power tiller apart from creation of more than 300 direct and indirect employment avenues. . Better knowledge of eco friendly and green methods of cultivation through IPM (integrated pest management) practices. 3000 farmers will be benefited. Discouragement of jhuming, encouragement of sustainable permanent cultivation practices. Likelihood of more jhum areas to come under settled cultivation. . Introduction of scientific grain storage facility for the first time in N. C. Hills and almost 200 farmers families will be benefited . It is proposed to bring 960 ha. of land from age old destructive jhum. Abstract of all the schemes mentioned above is shown below. SL. No. NAME OF SCHEMES 1st Year TARGET 2nd. Year TARGET 3rd. Year TOTAL REMARKS COMPONENT PHY (ha) FIN(Rs .in Lakh) PHY (ha) FIN (Rs in Lakh. PHY (ha) FIN(Rs. in Lakh) PHY(ha) FIN(in Lakh) 1. Area expn. of Sugar cane at Zone I Area expansion of Potato for all three Zones. Area expansion of Mustard for Zone I, II. 200 50 70 76. 52 20. 51 6. 27 200 50 70 76. 52 20. 51 6. 27 200 50 70 76. 52 20. 51 6. 27 600 150 210 229. 56 61. 53 18. 81 Around 600 sugarcane farmers would be benefited and substantial Jhoom degraded area would be brought under Settled cultivation. 2. Gur Production unit equipped with Sugarcane Power crusher and accessories and infrastructure. 20 nos 20. 00 20 nos. 20. 00 20 nos. 20. 00 60 nos. 60. 00 60 nos. of self help group consisting of more than 10 farmers each would be engaged in productive activity and Economic status of the District would be upgraded. 3. Minor Lift Irrigation cultivation for Field crops like Paddy, Sugarcane, Mustard etc. with 5 H. P Diesel Power pump, Planting materials, Pamphlets etc  · Diesel Power Pump. . Planting materials, Pamphlets etc 100 nos. 22. 00 10. 00 2. 50 100 nos 22. 00 10. 00 2. 50 100 nos 22. 00 10. 00 2. 50 300 nos. . 66. 00 30. 00 7. 50 60 (sixty) nos of self help groups consisting of 10 members each would be engaged for success fully implementing the scheme and additional areas of Jhoom degraded areas would be brought under settled and permanent cultivation.. Farmers Training motivational scheme for Training Motivating the farming community To decrease dependence on Jhooming and encourage them to adopt sustainable permanent ways of cultivation through Integrated pest management (IPM)and integrated nutrient management training(INM) . Purchase of 200 numbers of Metal Seed Bin for storage of foodgrains with protection from storage pests and distribution among farmers. Purchase of Mobile Soil Testing Kit for field level on the spot assessment of soil fertility status for adjudging accurate nutrient requirement of crop 25 nos. f 7 (seven) days Traini-ng each batch consisting of 40 nos. of farmers 70 nos. @ Rs. 4800/- 25 nos 3. 75 3. 41 7. 5 25 nos. of (seven) days training each batch consisting of 40 nos. of farmers 70 nos Nil 3. 75 3. 41 Nil 25 nos. of 7 (seven) days training each batch Consisting of 40 nos. of farmers 60 nos. Nil 3. 75 3. 41 Nil 75 nos. 200 nos. 25 11. 25 10. 23 7. 5 Necessary technical know-how would be imparted to the f arming community so as to enable them to successfully implement the schemes envisaged in the RSVY project. Scientific food grain storage will be introduced for the first time in the District and 200 farming families will be benefited. Soil testing kit would benefit a large Number of farmers covering all the development blocks. 4. 5. 6. Total 172. 46 164. 96 164. 46 502. 38 Horticulture Horticulture is the main occupation of the people in the district of N,C, Hills and 80% of the cultivable land is suitable for horticultural crops and potential of horticultural development is highly promising owing to suitable agro climatic condition. ONGOING SCHEMES. . Intensive horticultural development project. lHDP) . Development of progeny orchard. . . Potato Development scheme. CONSTRAINTS AND GAP These schemes are implemented by utilizing state sector plan fund. Inadequate and stagnant fund provision acts as obstacle in the road of vast potential of horticultural development. Area expansion under horticultural crop faces with the problem of marketing as all produce are perishable and farmers are at the mercy of the middleman due to absence of marketing infrastructure and non-existent road communication network. Nearest market for sell of produce is often 4-5hours walk through difficult terrain. Absence of canning and preservation industry does not guarantee any support price for the horticultural produce. Dissemination alarming technology and knowledge through the extension mechanism is also hampered due to the above-mentioned reason. Vast untapped potential for horticultural development exists and to realize the potential extensive training and motivation coupled with exposure and study tour inside and outside the state and incentive for area expansion of existing successful crops and introduction of high value, less perishable, low in quantity crops like cashew nut, black pepper should be provided to the farming community. Keeping in view the above conditions the following schemes are being proposed for implementation for the development of N. C. Hills. PROPOSED INTERVENTION UNDER RSVY . Area expansion of banana, pineapple, moushambi, litchi, areca nut in Zone-I covering an area of 100 ha is proposed with an estimated outlay of 22 lakhs. For Zone-III covering area of 100 ha for proposed orange plantation @ Rs. 22,000 per ha. Estimated outlay is around Rs. 22 Lakhs. . Canning and fruit preservation facility with estimated outlay of Rs. 47. 04 lakhs is being proposed. . Horticulture kit containing essential orchard management items, for 800 orchard owners @ Rs. 800 per kit with a total outlay of Rs. 22. 40 Lakhs. . Introduction of mushroom cultivation among tribal farmers to be implemented with an estimated outlay of Rs20. 77 lakhs. . Project of vermicompost production at block level with an estimated outlay of 15. 00 lakhs. . Plant protection scheme for arresting citrus decline and citrus rejuvenation w ith financial outlay of Rs. 23. 75 lakhs. . Establishment of 5 nos. of Horticulture nursery @ Rs. 3. 5 lakhs each. . Procurement of 500 nos. of tree sprayers @ Rs. 2000 each for distribution among orchard owners. Total outlay Rs. 0 Lakhs. The SHG would be formed in Jatinga, Dehangi, Harangajao, Mahur, Maibang area where land is suitable for Horticultural Crops and beneficiaries of these would be benefited. IMPACT OF INTERVENTION . Overall increase in area and production of horticultural crops thus benefiting the farming community by increasing their economic threshold. . Nutritional requirements of the rural as well as urban population would be effectively met thus improving quality of life. . Area expansion of different fruit crops is expected to generate temporary employment of 5000 mandays per year. Mushroom production vermicompost production project are expected to increase self employment opportunities among the local rural people. . Fruit canning and preservation centres is ex pected to provide around 150-200 direct and indirect avenue. . Establishment of horticultural nursery has the potential of generating around 5000 mandays every year. . Citrus rejuvenation project is expected to generate around 6000 mandays per year. Marketing as we all recognize, plays a pivotal role in agriculture and more precisely so for horticultural crops which are generally perishable in nature. To strengthen the marketing infrastructure so as to ensure remunerative prices to the farmers of N. C. Hills of their products urgent steps needed to be taken. PROPOSED INTERVENTION UNDER RSVY . Construction of Market shed in registered rural market with an estimated outlay of Rs, 7. 5 Lakhs. . Construction of market stall with a total out lay of Rs. 6. 00 Lakhs. . All the schemes under horticulture will be executed through SHGs giving priority on area expansion of horticultural crops and canning. SL. No. NAME OF SCHEMES 1st Year TARGET 2nd. Year TARGET 3rd. Year TOTAL REMARKS COMPONENT PHY (ha) FIN(Rs . in Lakh) PHY (ha) FIN(Rs In Lakh. PHY (ha) FIN(Rs. in Lakh) PHY (ha) FIN(in Lakh) 1. Area expn. of Horticulture crops For Zone I : Proposal for area expansion under banana, Pineapple, Mousambi, Litchi,, arecanut, Rs. 22000/- per ha. For Zone III: Proposal for area expansion under khasi mandarin orange at jatinga, Laisong Retzol area ha. @ 22000/- per ha. 40 40 8. 8 8. 8 40 40 8. 8 8. 8 20 20 4. 4 4. 4 100 100 22 22 The proposed scheme is capable of generating more than 2000 mandays per year. 2. Estabilishment of canning and fruit preservation centre at Boro Haflong 1 Nos. 47. 40 4740 Apart from providing farmers with remunerative support prices for their product. This project can generate sizable employment opportunities both direct and indirect. 3. Mushroom development Scheme 1 Nos. 20. 76 1 Nos. 20. 76 The project would be implemented through 10 nos. of SHG selected from villages situated around Haflong Town and spawn lab facility compost production centre 4. 5. 6. 7. Production of Vermicompost Citrus rejuvenation schemes @ Rs. 47850 per ha Etablishment of small nursery for production of quality of planting materials @ Rs. 3. 5 Lakhs each. Per ha. Purchase of tree sprayer for use in horticulture @ Rs. 2000 each Total 5 units 10 ha 2 nos. 100 nos. 5. 00 4. 78 7. 00 2. 00 83. 78 2 units 10 Ha. 2 nos. 100 nos. 2. 00 4. 78 7. 00 2. 00 54. 14 2 units 10 Ha. 1 nos. 100 nos. 2. 00 4. 78 3. 50 2. 00 21. 08 9 units 30 Ha. 3 ha 300 nos. 9. 00 14. 34 17. 5 6. 00 159. 00 Around 300 employment opportunities will be created apart from the main product. 500 Nos. of orange growers will be benefited and 6000 nos. of mandays will be created every year. Around 6000 mandays will be created every year. 5oo farmers family will be benifited _MINOR IRRIGATION There are 19 (nineteen) M. I. schemes brought under irrigation coverage up to March / 2004 is 36. 0% of the total cultivable area. The remaining 63. 50 % of the cultivable area is dependent on rainfall which is scanty. Further there is some rain shadow areas where average rainfall is only 1000 mm. There are 19 (nineteen ) Nos. of completed flow schemes with a command area of 1194 ha. And 16 Nos. of completed Water Harvest schemes with total command area of 29 6 ha. under this Division. Further, there are 14 (fourteen) Nos. of ongoing schemes covering 1553 ha. New Minor Irrigation schemes (Flow) for acute rain shadow areas have been proposed under RSVY programme with an allocation of Rs. 148. 74 lakhs . CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS. Considerable Nos. of M. I . schemes which were completed long back are in defunct position . Lacking in flow of fund from the State Sector restricts the strengthening and repairing of old schemes . INTERVENTION. 1. It is proposed to take up 8 (eight ) nos. of flow Irrigation scheme with an amount of Rs. 148. 74 lakhs specially in rain shadow area for livelihood of the poor tribal people whose only source of income is agriculture. With these new schemes 359 ha. of land will be brought under irrigation providing benefit to 308 Nos. of families. Mandays will be generated to the tune of 98,486 nos. IMPACT: 1. 1. 00 lakhs mandays will be generated by rejuvenation of 8 (eight) nos. of Minor Flow Irrigation schemes. 2. 355 ha. of cultivable area will be brought under irrigation . 3. Total 315 nos. families will be benefited. 4. With the propose M. I. Schemes, the traditional â€Å"Jhum Cultivation† of the tribal people will be discouraged through† Wet Cultivation† which will help in conserving the natural forest land and maintaining ecological balance 5. Water users association will be formed with beneficiary group and they will require to pay users fees as O M Cost for sustainability of the project. . Details of Irrigation schemes: All the new schemes proposed under RSVY are flow irrigation schemes and are duly approved by N. C. Hills Autonomous Council, Haflong. Water is proposed to be tapped from the surface source like nullah or canals and hilly stream by constructing non-permeable C. C. Bundh across the source and carrying water to the ultimate point of co nsumption through Canals and Water courses. Hydraulic structures like aqueduct, cross drainage structures and drop structures are proposed in the respective detailed estimates on which administrative approval is received from N. C. Hills Autonomous Council, Haflong. Design parameters of each structures are technically examined. Water users society would be formed in the line of SHG and cost of maintenance of these schemes would be born by the water users societies. Under all these irrigation schemes water users associations shall be set up. Beneficiaries Contribution, either by own finance or Bank finance. Flow Irrigation Scheme Sl. No. Name of Development Block Name of Scheme with nature of work Area be Irrigated (Ha. ) Estimated amount (Rs. in lakhs) 1 Harangajao block 1. Dimbrudisa I/S i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 22 20. 00 2. Donlou I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 12 12. 00 3. Lower Rekho I/S (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. ( ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 20 18. 05 2. Jatinga Valley Dev. Block. 1. Moucher I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 20 19. 00 2. Laisong I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 22 31. 00 3. Longma I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 30 17. 50 3. Diyungbra Block Phongjadisa Nalla I/S (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 30 19. 08 Water Harvest Scheme from mishikong Nalla (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 20 12. 11 4. Maibang Sub-divison 1. Nobaidisa I/S (i) Construction of Head Work (ii) Constn. Of Canal system (iii) Constn. Of Canal structures (iv) River Bank Protection work 290 15. 00 2. Purana Maibang I/S (i) Head Work (ii) Cross drainage work (iii) Canal System 120 11. 62 3. Kalachand Ph. I I/S (i) Head Work (ii) Cross drainage work (iii) Canal System 600 13. 38 4. Wadrengdisa (i) Head Work (ii) Cross drainage work (iii) River bank Protection work 120 15. 00 5. Delen I/S (i) Head Work (ii) Canal System 70 7. 00 6. Tongikro I/S (i) Construction of Head Work (ii) Constn. Of Canal system (iii) Constn. Of Canal structures 90 8. 00 Total 14 nos. 1466 ha 218. 74 YEARWISE PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL TARGET PROPOSED Physical : Numbers Financial Rs. in Lakhs Scheme 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Newly proposed Flow Irrigantio scheme. 5 75. 36 4 57. 00 5 86. 38 14 218. 74 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY Animal Husbandry and Veterinary programmes comes next to Agriculture towards improving the Socio-economic condition of the N. C. Hills people. These activities have acquired special importance in the N. C. Hills areas of Assam for their potentiality and providing alternative occupation to the Jhuming Families. The tempo achieved in the area of the Poultry, Piggery, Cattle, and Goatery are encouraging. To up-grade the indigenous stock of Cattle, A. I. and Natural services are continuing besides training programmes. Present Status # The Projected livestock population of N. C. Hills is shown below : Livestock and Poultry Total 1. Cattle # 97341 Nos. 2. Buffalo # 24266 Nos. 3. Goat # 19503 Nos. 4. Sheep # 186 Nos. 5. Poultry # 153265 Nos. 6. Pig # 24068 Nos. 7. Dog # 45,523 Nos. (SOURCE – National Livestock Survey 1997) Following are the ongoing schemes in the district : 1. Administrative organization to strengthen Administrative machineries both at head quarter and district level – 03 Nos. 2. Veterinary Aid Centre – 01 scheme 3. Veterinary Dispensary– 01 scheme 4. R. P. Check Post and Vigilance unit–01 scheme 5. Pig Farm –01 scheme 6. Pig Seed Farm Project –01 scheme 7. Cattle Breeding project –01 scheme 8. Mini I. C. D. P. –01 scheme 9. Poultry Farm –01 scheme 10. Broiler Unit –01 scheme 11. Marketing Org. (Livestock) –01 scheme 12. Fooder Farm –01 scheme 3. Feed Mixing Plant –01 scheme 14. Distbn. Pig, Poultry, Cattle and Duck– 03 Nos. 15. Farmers training in Cattle, Poultry, Piggery and Duck – 03 Nos. 16. Training of Institution Vety. Science — 01 nos. 17. Rural Dairy Creamery Center/ Rural Dairy Center – 02 Nos. This district being the habitat of 13 ST(H) groups are basically dependent on Agriculture and allied activities like Animal Husbandry Vety. It is the place where more than 90% of people take meat, fish, egg etc. The middle classes and elites used to keep dogs as a status symbol and also as requirement for watching. They are found to have taken the pups of improved varieties like Doberman, German shepherds, Labradors etc. from outside like Calcutta. The chevon (goat) is also a delicious food which is however taken as important dish by the tribal as well as non-tribal people of the district. The piggery is an important and unavoidable livestock of the district as the pig meat is very popular in the district and as well as it has a wide demand in the areas of our neighbourhood in Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur etc. Constraints Gaps: 1. Non availability of good quality breed. 2. Scarcity of quality feed. . Lack of scientific knowledge of rearing pig, poultry and goatery etc. with advanced scientific know how. 4. Transport Communication bottlenecks. 5. Non-availability of feed supplements, medicine, equipments etc. 6. Financial shortage. Intervention: Under the above condition we would like to propose the intervention of SDA under RSVY to meet up the deficiencies. Interventions: 1. It is therefore planned to take up establishment of 35 nos. of broiler units with an allocation of Rs. 32. 90 lakhs to benefit 350 people by generating self employment to 35 SHG which will be monitored by A. H. Vety. Deptt. 2. It is proposed to establish 35 nos. of poultry layer birds of improved varieties in the district like commercial birds of varieties like BV 380, golden christen etc. with an allocation of Rs. 87. 50 lakhs. @ Rs. 2. 5 lakhs per unit which will be benefited by generating sustained self employment to 35X10 =350 persons organized into 35 SHG. 3. With the intervention of SDA under RSVY it is proposed to allocate Rs. 72,90,000. 00 for establishing 25 nos. of pig unit @ Rs. 2,91,600 per unit and this will benefit 250 persons with sustained self employment by organizing them into 25 SHG. . Under SDA(RSVY) it is proposed to establish 10 nos. of goat unit in the areas representing different ST communities with an allocation of Rs. 19. 50 lakhs @ Rs. 109,500. 00. This will ben efit 100 persons by creating sustained self employment and will be organized into 10 SHG for maintenance after proper training to be conducted by the A. H. Vety. Deptt. 5. As the keeping of dog is felt necessary by the middle classes and upper middle classes of N. C. Hills, Karbi Anglong, Barak Valley and Guwahati it is proposed to establish 5(five) modern dog breeding units with an allocation of Rs. ,37,400/ by which 50 persons organized into 5 SHG will get sustained self employment. The annual return of these 5 farms will be around Rs 15 lakhs. 6. In order to maintain standard feeds for the above mentioned livestock units establishment of a feed mill is felt inevitable. This feed mill is being proposed with an allocation of Rs. 1,38,00,000( Ruppes One Crore thirty eight lakhs). This will benefit 1100 nos. of AH Vety growers and 110SHG will get direct benefit of self employment and this will definitely benefit more than 1 lakhs individuals indirectly with the supply of quality Ve ty. Products. Necessary arrangements for vety. care services are planned accordingly with the additive provisions of SGSY. Following Schemes are approved under RSVY. Sl. NO. Name of scheme Justification Rs. In lakhs. 01 02 03 04 01 Esstt. of Poultry Broiler Unit Modernisation of infrastructure to increase capacity of producing input, i. e. , meat and egg for the consumer and farmers of the district as well as to the neighbouring areas. 32. 85 02 Esstt. of Poultry Commercial layer Unit Modernization of existing infrastructure to increase capacities for producing input, meat egg for the consumer farmers of the district besides training and demonstration programme of Unemployed Youth. 87. 35 03 Esstt. of Pig Unit To modernize the existing infrastructure with view to produce upgrade inputs to supply the local breeds. This will also produce additional required pork besides demonstration training of the farmers. 90. 77 04 Esstt. of goat Unit Project for goat farming with a view to meet the demand of mutton of the district as well as the neighbouring areas for income generation of the local people. 0. 95 05 Esstt. Of Dog breeding Unit To meet the demand of improve varieties of dogs in Haflong and other places as people use to bring dogs from outside the states. 13. 37 06 Esstt. Of Modern feed mixing plant At present cattle feed is brought from Guwahati which cost more. The new plant shall be able to supply cattle feed at a reasonable rate to all the rural places of th e district. 104. 00 07 Esstt. Of fodder Farm With a view to produce green grass, seeds for farmers. 3. 00 Total 342. 29 Details of the Veterinary Schemes All these units shall be established through SHG and co-operative farm. The SHG shall continue finance either by own contribution or bank finance for maintenance of the farm. The concerned department shall only guide and supervise the establishment and maintenance of these units and they are organized into Groups for better supervision. ESTABLISHMENT OF POULTRY UNITS Poultry eggs and meat are the important sources as high quality protein to balance the diet of common people. Poultry farming can provide gainful employment if done on a commercial scale to harness the tremendous market potential in the District. Though the district has a moderately favourable climate for Poultry farming, particularly commercial broilers and commercial layer activity has not made any significant progress, due to lack of enthusiasm among the farming community as well as due to non-availability of critical in puts at right time. Further, majority of the population are under ( small units ) as made good progress due to the favourable environment availability in the district. The existing infrastructure and allocation the existing poultry Farm, Haflong can not meet the entire demand. As such new farms requires to be established and proposed the following amount for taking up the progress in phase manner. Establishment of Poultry Units Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 35 Construction of Poultry sheds 15. 00 Lakhs 2. 85 Lakhs Nil 17. 85 Lakhs 2 Working Capital chicks / feed/ medicine etc. Nil 7. 50 Lakhs 7. 50 lakhs 15. 00 lakhs Total 15. 00 Lakhs 10. 35 Lakhs 7. 50 lakhs 32. 85 lakhs Establishment of Poultry Layer Commercial Unit The Commercial layer bird will start laying egg from the age of 4 months and lays egg up to 300 nos. per year till 18 months of age weighing 2. kg. The egg can also be sold at Rs. 1. 5 per egg and as such one layer can earn Rs. 450. 00 per year apart from the meat. Thus a farm may earn eggs 2. 85,000 nos. per year and total production of meat 20. 9 quintals. The Farm will serve as productive as well as practical demonstration farm from the trainees of this district with a total allocation of Rs. 180 lacs there is the proposal for production of meat sufficient for the district. Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 35 Construction of Poultry sheds 15. 00 Lakhs 2. 85 Lakhs Nil 17. 85 Lakhs 2 Working capital chicks / feed/ medium etc. Nil 34. 75 Lakhs 34. 75 Lakhs 69. 50 lakhs Total 15. 00 Lakhs 37. 60 Lakhs 34. 75 Lakhs 87. 35 lakhs Establishment of Pig Unit Pig rearing is common among the farmers in the district, majority of farmers being small marginal, those activities are able to provide them supplementary income. The activities are thriving in the district due to the excellent demand for the pork and meat. The existing Pig Farm, Haflong can not meet the demand of pork piging for the farmers public. The following requirement of fund are proposed for new programme of Pig Farm, Haflong. Establishment of Pig Unit Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 25 Construction of sheds for Pig 20. 00 lakhs 31. 00 Lakhs Nil 51. 00 Lakhs 2 Purchase of animal Nil 6. 00 Lakhs 4. 25 Lakhs 10. 25 lakhs 3 Working expenditure Nil 15. 00 Lakhs 14. 52 Lakhs 29. 52 Lakhs Total 90. 77 Lakhs PROJECT REPORT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF GOAT UNIT INTRODUCTION : The North Cachar Hills District of Assam with Geographical area of 488800 hectors. 01. East # Nagaland and Manipur State. 02. West # Meghalaya State of a part of Karbi-Anglong 03. North # Nowgaon District 04. South # Cachar District 05. Height # 3117 feets ( Haflong ) The climatic conditions according to geographical location is suitable for esstt. Of Goat Project in N. C. Hills District. The evergreen grass and natural trees welcoming goat rearing in this hilly areas. There are sufficient fellow and waste land with green grass where goat project can be established. STRATEGY # The hill people generally take meat as their protein food local stock of goat are not available to meet the growing demand of meat. Establishment Goat Unit Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 006-07 Total 1 10 Construction of sheds etc 2. 00 Lakhs 1. 22 Lakhs Nil 3. 22 Lakhs 2 Cost of animal (a) Buck (Beeta) @ 2000/- two Nos. for each unit (b) Doe @ 900/- 50 Nos. for each unit Nil 3. 00 Lakhs 1. 90 Lakhs 4. 90 lakhs 3 Working expenditure Nil 2. 00 Lakhs 0. 83 Lakhs 2. 83 Lakhs Total 10. 95 Lakhs LAND # At least 250/ 300 bighas of land are to be required for infrastructure facilities, Fodder plot and for grazing la nd. The site is required near the river or spring for water supply facility. COMMUNICATION # The site is required where road communication facilities are available. POWER SUPPLY # This is also necessary near site for taking up power supply to the project. MARKETTING FACILITIES # N. C. Hills itself is a good market for meat and input. The surplus stock can be sold nearby Meghalaya state Silchar, Nagaon or at Guwahati. STAFF # 01 (one) officer, 01 S. V. F. A. , 02 V. F. A. 01 Accountant, 01 LDA and 03 grade IV staff can be placed from the existing staff of the deptt. But 03 nos. technicians for processing of meat, preparation of wool etc. are to be sent for training from the existing staff. MODERN DOG BREEDING UNIT The middle classes and the upper middle class use to keep dogs as a status symbol and also as requirement for watching. They are found to have taken the pups of improved varieties from out side the state. And attempt has been made through this scheme to breed improved varieties of dogs. Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 10 Construction of dog house 5. 00 Lakhs 2. 85 Lakhs Nil 7. 85 Lakhs 2 Purchase of breeder Dogs – (a) German Shepherd @ 10,000 each (b) Doverman @ 10,000 each (c) Labrador @ 10,000 each Nil 2. 50 Lakhs Nil 2. 50 lakhs 3 Working expenditure, food medium etc. Nil 1. 1 Lakhs 1. 51 Lakhs 3. 02 Lakhs Total 13. 37 Lakhs FEED MIXING PLANT The Govt. Feed Mixing Plant at Haflong has been established with a view to supply balanced feed at a reasonable price to the departmental farms and other private farmers of N. C. Hills District. At present, the plant is supplying feeds to the only Govt. Pig-cum-Poultry Farm, Haflong and other small private farms o f N. C. Hills District. In a short period of time the plant has become popular particularly to the Farms of the District as they are giving more profit by procuring feeds from this Feed Mixing Plant. The nos. of pig of the Govt. Pig-cum-Poultry has increased to 3 times more within 1 year of inception of this plant. As there is one new Govt. Pig Farm called Pig seed production project, Umrangso is going to begin recently and numerous small private farmers are coming-up under the sponsorship of DRDA in N. C. Hills. Now the Feed Mixing Plant may not be able to meet the entire demand of supplying feeds as it is increasing day by day. Further, the requirement for establishment of Dairy demonstration farm, Haflong will also be proposed in this plant. As such, more fund for purchase of ingredient and supplement are necessary to increase production yearly. The following schemes to increase production id proposed. The proposed Modern Feed Mixing Plant will be set up on co-operative basis organizing the SHGs in to a co-operative unit. ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN FEED MIXING PLANT Sl. No. Scheme 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 01 Construction of feed mixing plant building 30. 00 Lakhs 18. 00 Lakhs Nil 48. 00 Lakhs 02 Purchase of Equipment and machineries 18. 00 Lakhs 6. 00 Lakhs Nil 24. 00 Lakhs 03 Materials and supply Nil 22. 00 Lakhs Nil 22. 00 Lakhs 04 Transportation 5. 00 lakhs 5. 00 lakhs Nil 10. 00 Lakhs Total 104. 00 lakhs ESTABLISHMENT OF FODDER FARM A Fodder Farm with a view to produce green grass, seed and for demonstration purchases for the farmers and for departmental farms is most essential. To establish this farm the follow land of the existing farm of Pig-cum-Poultry Farm is to be utilized in a scientific manner. The following scheme is prepared for establishment of the farm. For the time being 05 (five) bighas of land are to be utilized for the farm. Scheme is prepared as follows :- Sl. No. Unit Scheme 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total Rs. (in Lakhs) 01. 1 Reclamation of Land 1. 00 Nil Nil 1. 00 02. Purchases of seeds 0. 50 0. 20 0. 20 0. 90 3. Irrigation facilities 0. 50 Nil Nil 0. 50 04. Maintenance cost Nil 0. 30 0. 30 0. 60 Total 2. 00 0. 50 0. 50 3. 00 TRAINING AND RESOURCE CENTRE WITH ACCOMMODATIONS AND COMPUTER FACILITIES The government department and the NGO’s have been trying to uplift the rural masses by providing many inputs, but since the district does not have a proper training and resource centre the govt . officials and the NGOs become ill equipped to impart training as well as acquire training. Objective: The objective of establishing a training and Resource centre with accommodation and computer facilities are as follows. ) To provide training on livelihood issued to jhum cultivators. b) Rural Technology centre. c) Support to NGOs and SHGs d) District Resource Centre. e) E-commerce. TRAINING AND RESOURCE CENTRE WITH ACCOMMODATIONS AND COMPUTER FACILITIES Sl. No. Unit 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 01. 01 Construction of Building for Centre 20 Lakhs 13. 00 Lakhs Nil 33. 00 lakhs 02. Electrifacilities/ Water Supply Nil 2. 00 Lakhs Nil 2. 00 Lakhs 03. Furniture’s Nil 3. 00 Lakhs Nil 3. 00 Lakhs 04. Computer/ Printer Scanner/ T. V. / LCD Projector etc. Nil 12. 10 Lakhs Nil 12. 10 Lakhs Total 20. 00 Lakhs 30. 10 Lakhs How to cite Agriculture Sector, Papers

Why We Should Keep The Drinking Age At 21 Essays - Drinking Culture

Why We Should Keep The Drinking Age At 21 Why We Should Keep the Drinking Age at Twenty-one By Barry T. Hellman English 116, section 6 Dr. Budler 11 May 2000 Imagine winning the State Basketball Championship. You get back to your house with a few friends and feel a party is in order, so you start drinking a few beers after your parents go to bed. Someone suggests that you drive somewhere to get rid of the empty cans. ?Yes, that's not a bad idea?, so you all pile into the car and take off. A few hours later, your parents receive a telephone call to come down to the station. There has been a terrible accident, and they must identify the body. This is the one phone call all parents dread. This true story is detailed in the Germantown, Tennessee high school newspaper. Stories like this compel me to believe that the legal drinking age should be kept at twenty-one. Almost every state set a legal drinking age of twenty-one, the legal voting age at the time, after prohibition was repealed. Between 1970 and 1975, twenty-nine states lowered the voting age from twenty-one to eighteen, twenty-nine states also lowered their drinking age to eighteen or nineteen. During the late seventies, studies showed that traffic crashes had drastically increased after lowering the drinking age. Once this was announced publicly, many groups created a movement to increase the minimal drinking age, and sixteen states responded. The Uniform Drinking Act was passed in 1984. This strongly encouraged the remaining thirteen states to raise their drinking age. If the states would not agree to do so by 1987, the government said that it would cut highway funding (Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drugs). Many would argue that when the drinking age were set at twenty-one, there is an unavoidably huge increase in alcohol use when youths, turning twenty-one, ?make up for lost time.? However, a study done by Alexander Wagenaar and PM O'Malley found that when the minimum drinking age was twenty-one, there was a lower use of alcohol after they turn twenty-one. One of the largest arguments in favor of lowering the drinking age is the use of Europe as a comparison. Where as in Europe, where there isn't a prescribed legal age for drinking, the age for obtaining a drivers license is eighteen. Sixteen is the average age for obtaining a license. This lower age for driving in combination with the lowered drinking age incurs a rise in traffic accidents and even death. Drinking before twenty-one causes more deaths than illnesses. On the other hand, those countries have their share of alcohol problems. The rate of alcohol-related diseases such as cirrhosis to the liver is the same, if not higher, as in the United States. Also drunk driving among youth in Europe is lower, but only because the legal driving age in most European countries is higher. Furthermore the use of public transportation is greater in Europe, where as in the United States fewer people take advantage of public transportation. Public transportation is either frowned upon or not ava ilable. It is also argued that even though the legal drinking age is at twenty-one, many youths still can easily obtain and drink alcohol, so the current drinking age doesn't work. It stands to reason to conclude that if the drinking age were lowered to eighteen, even younger children would be using alcohol. This therefore, would have adverse affects on our society, not a positive affect. Because it's illegal for people under twenty-one, many of those people don't drink. Lowering the drinking age would increase alcohol problems among teens, even at an earlier age. (Wagenaar and co. article, page 2) My opinion is further supported by the Correlation between underage drinking and alcohol abuse. Scientists of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism have said that teens that begin drinking before the age of fifteen are four times more likely to become alcoholics. The same institute also found that alcohol abuse doubles, in those who start drinking before the age of fifteen compared to those who first begin drinking at age twenty-one. Continuing, they found that twenty-five percent of those who began drinking before the age of seventeen went on to become alcoholics. Furthermore,